绿色氧化法制备联苯类化合物的研究性实验设计与实践*

以苯甲醛和丙酮为原料,利用Robinson增环反应先制备3-甲基-5-苯基环己-2-烯-1-酮,再引导学生设计并研究了水相绿色氧化3-甲基-5-苯基环己-2-烯-1-酮合成联苯类化合物3-乙氧基-5-甲基-1,1′-联苯的影响因素,利用核磁共振确定了产物结构。该研究性实验教学以绿色化学为中心,结合了2步连续反应,产物易提纯且产率高,并开展了开放式大型分析仪器教学和测试,对学生有机合成实验能力和科学研究能力的培养具有很好的教学效果。     

非洲猪瘟病毒检测方法的研究进展

非洲猪瘟是一种影响各个品种与年龄段猪的毁灭性传染病,其特征包括高烧,皮肤发绀,淋巴严重出血,死亡率接近100%,被世界动物卫生组织列为必须及时通报的动物疫病,而我国也将其列为主要的外来动物疾病。自20世纪90年代被报道流行于非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南的国家以来,非洲猪瘟逐步流行于欧洲、南美、俄罗斯高加索地区,并在全球各地爆发,对全球养猪业构成了巨大威胁,造成了巨额经济损失。非洲猪瘟是由双链DNA虫媒病毒——非洲猪瘟病毒引起的,它是非洲猪瘟病毒科非洲猪瘟病毒属的唯一成员,具有复杂的二十面体结构,直径约200 nm。目前来说,还没有针对于非洲猪瘟病毒的特效药和疫苗,其主要的防控策略依靠卫生措施的实施以及对感染或暴露动物的屠宰。因此,非洲猪瘟病毒的检测与早期诊断对于疫情确认和控制至关重要。该文根据非洲猪瘟病毒的检测原理将其检测方法分为病毒分离方法、免疫学检测方法与分子学检测方法,免疫学方法可细分为免疫荧光试验、免疫印迹试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、免疫层析试纸及其他免疫学检测方法,分子学检测方法可细分为聚合酶链式反应、等温扩增技术、CRISPR(成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列)/Cas系统及其他分子学检测方法。该文对这些方法的原理和特点进行介绍,并对非洲猪瘟病毒检测的研究进展进行综述。因这些方法的检测能力与适用场景尚存在一定不足,故非洲猪瘟病毒检测方法的未来发展方向为在保证灵敏度和特异性的情况下,提高检测限与现场即时诊断的应用能力,研究集中于低成本、工业化、高通量、高性能等方向。     

二维金属有机框架材料的合成及电催化应用

二维金属有机框架材料(MOFs)由于具备高比表面积、 多孔性以及丰富的活性位点等优异特性而受到广泛关注, 并且在电催化领域展现出巨大的应用潜力. 研究者们已在二维MOFs的可控制备与电催化性能调控方面取得许多突破性进展, 显示出相关研究对开发高性能电催化剂的关键作用. 本文总结了二维MOFs的自上而下和自下而上合成策略以及二维MOFs衍生物的典型合成方法, 概述了二维MOFs在各尺度下的电催化性能调控策略, 并介绍了各种合成方法和调控策略在电催化中的应用. 最后讨论了该领域面临的挑战, 并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

Secondary-flow-aided single-train elastic-inertial focusing in low elasticity viscoelastic fluids

Elastic-inertial focusing has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the three-dimensional (3D) single-train focusing ability it offers. However, multi-train focusing, instead of single-train focusing, was observed in viscoelastic fluids with low elasticity as a result of the competition between inertia effect and viscoelasticity effect. To address this issue, we employed the secondary flow to facilitate single-train elastic-inertial focusing in low elasticity viscoelastic fluids. A three-section contraction-expansion channel was designed to induce the secondary flow to pinch the multiplex focusing trains into a single one exactly at the channel centerline. After demonstrating the focusing process and mechanism in our device, we systematically explored and discussed the effects of particle diameter, operational flow rate, polymer concentration, and channel dimension on particle focusing performances. Our device enables single-train focusing of particles in viscoelastic fluids with low elasticity, and offers advantages of planar single-layer structure, and sheathless, external-field free operation.     

9,10⁃二(N⁃苯基吲哚⁃3⁃乙烯基)蒽的合成及聚集诱导荧光和压致荧光变色性质

通过简单的Wittig反应合成了一个荧光化合物9,10-二(N-苯基吲哚-3-乙烯基)蒽(IA-Ph); 通过核磁共振和质谱对其结构进行了确认; 利用荧光发射光谱和紫外吸收光谱对其光物理性质进行了表征. 结果表明, 化合物IA-Ph兼具聚集诱导荧光(AIE)和压致荧光变色性质, 在相同浓度下, 该化合物在THF/H₂O(体积比1∶9)混合溶液中的荧光强度比在纯四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中增加了12倍, 具有明显的AIE效应. 通过简单而有效的机械力研磨, 化合物可以从初始的发绿光转变为研磨后的橙红光, 光谱红移约68 nm; 而且在加热或溶剂熏蒸条件下, 化合物的颜色可以回复到起始的绿光, 具有完全可逆性.     

Surface Functionalization of PEO Nanofibers Using a TiO2 Suspension as Sheath Fluid in a Modified Coaxial Electrospinning Process

Convenient and integration fabrication process is a key issue for the application of functional nanofibers. A surface functionalization method was developed based on coaxial electrospinning to produce ultraviolet(UV) protection nanofibers. The titanium dioxide(TiO₂) nanoparticles suspension was delivered through the shell channel of the coaxial spinneret, by which the aggregation of TiO₂ nanoparticles was overcome and the distribution uniformity on the surface of polyethylene oxide(PEO) nanofiber was obtained. With the content of TiO₂ increasing from 0 to 3%(mass fraction), the average diameter of nanofibers increased from (380±30) nm to (480±100) nm. The surface functionalization can be realized during the electrospinning process to gain PEO/TiO₂ composite nanofibers directly. The uniform distribution of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the surface of nanofibers enhanced the UV absorption and resistance performance. The maximum UV protection factor(UPF) value of composite nanofibers reaches 2751. This work presented a novel surface-functionalized way for the preparation of composite nanofiber, which has great application potential in the field of micro/nano system integration fabrication.     

Partial P-Type Metal Ions Doping Induced Variation of Both Crystal Structure and Oxygen Vacancy Within Cu/SnO2 Metastable Solid Solution Nanofibers for Highly Sensitive C2H2 Sensor

Partial P-type metal ions doping(PPMID) is an alternative method to further enhance the gas sensing performance of N-type metal oxides(NMOs) in contrast to that of P-N metal oxides heterojunctions, but the influences of the introduction of PPMID on the grain size and oxygen vacancies of NMOs have been rarely investigated. Herein, a simple and effective route has been demonstrated to address this problem with Cu²⁺-doped SnO₂ metastable solid solution nanofibers(CSMSSNs) as model and C₂H₂ as target molecule by combining electrospinning and calcination technique. It seems that the introduction of PPMID can also affect crystal structure and oxygen vacancies of NMOs, proven by combining X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra(XPS). Thus, PPD, crystal structure and oxygen vacancies have been combined to clarify the enhanced sensing performance of Cu-doped SnO₂ metastable solid solution nanofibers angainst C₂H₂.     

实时直接分析质谱分析中草药多糖

建立了一种机械力化学提取法和实时直接分析质谱(DART-MS)分析相结合的中草药多糖分析方法,同时测定了黄芪、银耳、百合、茯苓、鼓槌石斛、金钗石斛、铁皮石斛和党参8种中草药多糖。比较了机械力化学提取(MCE)法与传统方法的提取效果,并优化了MCE法的提取参数。通过体积排阻色谱分离中草药多糖,建立分子质量校准曲线,估算了多糖分子质量。利用DART-MS直接裂解多糖大分子,可瞬时获得m/z<350的碎片离子,不同的中草药多糖得到的特征性的质谱离子峰可用于多糖样品的有效区分。该方法具有简单、快速、高通量、无需预消化的特点,是直接从复杂多糖大分子中获取特征指纹图谱的有力工具。     

Host-Guest Interactions of Cyclopentanocucurbit[6]uril with Alkyl Imidazolium Hydrochlorides

The host-guest interactions between cyclopentanocucurbit-[6]uril(CyP₆Q[6]) as host and six alkyl imidazolium hydrochloride as guests(g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, and g6) have been studied by various techniques, such as ¹H NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results showed that CyP₆Q[6] formed 1:1 inclusion complexes with each of guests g1-g6. The part of the guest entered the cavity of CyP₆Q[6] changes as the alkyl chain increases in length. It can be seen that the length of the alkyl chain plays a key role in determining the mode of host-guest interactions.     

Kinetics of glass transition,crystallization and soft magnetic properties of the Fe76.5Nb3B20Cu0.5 glassy alloys

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the Fe76.5Nb3B20Cu0.5 glassy alloys. The...